Regional Identity Linked to the Concept of Natha - Activities Associated with the Natha Canal in Kelaniya, Sri Lanka (15th to 19th century)

In studying the trade history of the Indian Ocean, it is clear that from the 13th century to the 15th century AD, the developed region of trade was around the Arabian Sea region. After the 13th century AD, the southern, southwestern and western ports of Sri Lanka became more prosperous The source provides the factors. During this period, the Delhi Sultanate (1206-1526A.D.) and Mughal power (1526-1857 A.D.) were active in India, so there is evidence of how many South Indian traders came into contact with Sri Lanka. In particular, the advanced stage of “Natha ” worship can be seen in Sri Lanka by the 15th century AD and after that period Natha statues were built in many temples and shrines focusing on the western, southwestern and Kandy regions of Sri Lanka. By the 13th century AD, “natha” worship was popular in Southeast Asia and India. Also, during this period, Catholicism and Protestantism spread in these areas. Natha Ela and its surrounding temples belonging to Gampaha district in the Western Province have been selected for this research. When studying its location, it becomes clear that this Natha canal (natha ela) is an additional canal built to transport goods from inland to the western coast. Kelaniya Raja Maha Viharaya, Sapugaskanda Rajamaha Viharaya and Heiyanthuduwa Rajamaha Viharaya etc. are the major temples built around Natha Ela. There is evidence that economic activities in this area were very prosperous during the reign of King Rajasinghe II (1635-1687 AD). Also, due to the prevalence of Roman Catholicism and Protestantism in those areas, during the Rajasinghe II period (1635-1687 AD), more Natha statues were built in this area to challenge Catholicism and Protestantism as well as to protect Buddhism. At the same time, during this period, Natha statues were built to bring the pilgrims from India as well as Southeast Asia to this area. Also, it is clear that in order to face the Mughal power in India and the expansion of the power of the Europeans, Buddhism was spread in the area by advancing the Mahayana concept.